spdep: Spatial Dependence: Weighting Schemes, Statistics

A collection of functions to create spatial weights matrix objects from polygon 'contiguities', from point patterns by distance and tessellations, for summarizing these objects, and for permitting their use in spatial data analysis, including regional aggregation by minimum spanning tree; a collection of tests for spatial 'autocorrelation', including global 'Morans I' and 'Gearys C' proposed by 'Cliff' and 'Ord' (1973, ISBN: 0850860369) and (1981, ISBN: 0850860814), 'Hubert/Mantel' general cross product statistic, Empirical Bayes estimates and 'Assunção/Reis' (1999) <doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990830)18:16%3C2147::AID-SIM179%3E3.0.CO;2-I> Index, 'Getis/Ord' G ('Getis' and 'Ord' 1992) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x> and multicoloured join count statistics, 'APLE' ('Li 'et al.' ) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00708.x>, local 'Moran's I', 'Gearys C' ('Anselin' 1995) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x> and 'Getis/Ord' G ('Ord' and 'Getis' 1995) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x>, 'saddlepoint' approximations ('Tiefelsdorf' 2002) <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2002.tb01084.x> and exact tests for global and local 'Moran's I' ('Bivand et al.' 2009) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2008.07.021> and 'LOSH' local indicators of spatial heteroscedasticity ('Ord' and 'Getis') <doi:10.1007/s00168-011-0492-y>. The implementation of most of these measures is described in 'Bivand' and 'Wong' (2018) <doi:10.1007/s11749-018-0599-x>, with further extensions in 'Bivand' (2022) <doi:10.1111/gean.12319>. 'Lagrange' multiplier tests for spatial dependence in linear models are provided ('Anselin et al'. 1996) <doi:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02111-6>, as are 'Rao' score tests for hypothesised spatial 'Durbin' models based on linear models ('Koley' and 'Bera' 2023) <doi:10.1080/17421772.2023.2256810>. A local indicators for categorical data (LICD) implementation based on 'Carrer et al.' (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105306> and 'Bivand et al.' (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2017.03.003> was added in 1.3-7. From 'spdep' and 'spatialreg' versions >= 1.2-1, the model fitting functions previously present in this package are defunct in 'spdep' and may be found in 'spatialreg'.

Version: 1.3-10
Depends: R (≥ 3.3.0), methods, spData (≥ 2.3.1), sf
Imports: stats, deldir, boot (≥ 1.3-1), graphics, utils, grDevices, units, s2, e1071, sp (≥ 1.0)
Suggests: spatialreg (≥ 1.2-1), Matrix, parallel, dbscan, RColorBrewer, lattice, xtable, foreign, igraph, RSpectra, knitr, classInt, tmap, spam, ggplot2, rmarkdown, tinytest, rgeoda (≥ 0.0.11.1)
Published: 2025-01-20
DOI: 10.32614/CRAN.package.spdep
Author: Roger Bivand ORCID iD [cre, aut], Micah Altman [ctb], Luc Anselin [ctb], Renato Assunção [ctb], Anil Bera [ctb], Olaf Berke [ctb], F. Guillaume Blanchet [ctb], Marilia Carvalho [ctb], Bjarke Christensen [ctb], Yongwan Chun [ctb], Carsten Dormann [ctb], Stéphane Dray [ctb], Dewey Dunnington ORCID iD [ctb], Virgilio Gómez-Rubio [ctb], Malabika Koley [ctb], Tomasz Kossowski ORCID iD [ctb], Elias Krainski [ctb], Pierre Legendre [ctb], Nicholas Lewin-Koh [ctb], Angela Li [ctb], Giovanni Millo [ctb], Werner Mueller [ctb], Hisaji Ono [ctb], Josiah Parry ORCID iD [ctb], Pedro Peres-Neto [ctb], Michał Pietrzak ORCID iD [ctb], Gianfranco Piras [ctb], Markus Reder [ctb], Jeff Sauer [ctb], Michael Tiefelsdorf [ctb], René Westerholt [ctb], Justyna Wilk ORCID iD [ctb], Levi Wolf [ctb], Danlin Yu [ctb]
Maintainer: Roger Bivand <Roger.Bivand at nhh.no>
BugReports: https://github.com/r-spatial/spdep/issues/
License: GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)]
URL: https://github.com/r-spatial/spdep/, https://r-spatial.github.io/spdep/
NeedsCompilation: yes
Citation: spdep citation info
Materials: NEWS ChangeLog
In views: Spatial
CRAN checks: spdep results

Documentation:

Reference manual: spdep.pdf
Vignettes: "The Problem of Spatial Autocorrelation:” forty years on (source, R code)
Creating Neighbours (source, R code)
Creating Neighbours using sf objects (source, R code)
Introduction to the North Carolina SIDS data set (re-revised) (source, R code)
No-neighbour observation and subgraph handling (source, R code)

Downloads:

Package source: spdep_1.3-10.tar.gz
Windows binaries: r-devel: spdep_1.3-10.zip, r-release: spdep_1.3-10.zip, r-oldrel: spdep_1.3-10.zip
macOS binaries: r-release (arm64): spdep_1.3-9.tgz, r-oldrel (arm64): spdep_1.3-8.tgz, r-release (x86_64): spdep_1.3-10.tgz, r-oldrel (x86_64): spdep_1.3-8.tgz
Old sources: spdep archive

Reverse dependencies:

Reverse depends: BSPADATA, Compind, DCluster, smlmkalman, spatialprobit, SpatialRegimes, ssfa
Reverse imports: adespatial, AGPRIS, bigDM, bispdep, CARBayes, CARBayesST, ClustGeo, DHSr, DIFM, DNLC, DRHotNet, emdi, epiCo, FlexScan, GeNetIt, geocmeans, geomerge, geostan, GeoWeightedModel, GWmodel, HERON, HSAR, hspm, INLABMA, intensitynet, LabourMarketAreas, LS2Wstat, mdsOpt, micromapST, OasisR, OCNet, paar, pgirmess, PopGenHelpR, povmap, PReMiuM, pspatreg, PublicWorksFinanceIT, ref.ICAR, saeRobust, saeSim, SCDA, SDPDmod, sdsfun, SegEnvIneq, sfdep, sfhotspot, sfislands, smoothclust, spANOVA, SpatGC, SpatialEpi, SpatialFeatureExperiment, spatialreg, spemd, spGARCH, sphet, splm, spmoran, spnaf, spNetwork, spqdep, spsur, stampr, stJoincount, SUMMER, SUNGEO, surveyPrev, uci, Voyager, waywiser
Reverse suggests: ade4, adegenet, adegraphics, AHMbook, ASGS.foyer, bamlss, BayesX, brms, broom, constrainedKriging, DatabionicSwarm, DRquality, epiphy, epm, FRK, Guerry, kDGLM, loo, mcmcsae, motif, prabclus, ProjectionBasedClustering, R2BayesX, rangeMapper, rdss, rflexscan, rWCVP, sharpshootR, sits, spatialEco, spData, spEDM, spgwr, spldv, starma, surveillance, tipsae
Reverse enhances: stargazer, texreg

Linking:

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